PSG has now won the prestigious trophy on fourteen separate occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain required a dramatic leveler followed by a successful penalty shootout to get past their arch-rivals in the Gulf and capture a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup victory.
The European champions seemed to be sailing towards a straightforward triumph in the match between the French league winners and the French Cup holders after the French winger found the scoring early on.
However, the southern French side struck twice in the closing moments to seize a shock lead. First, Mason Greenwood converted from the spot-kick, before Willian Pacho inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a remarkable twist of fortune, the Portuguese striker snatched a vital leveler in the final moments to force the contest into a penalty shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then emerged as the hero, stopping decisive attempts from Matt O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
From the spot, Goncalo Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and Desire Doue all scored successfully for PSG to seal a 4-1 shootout victory.
The record champions PSG, who faced last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Marseille after completing a domestic double, have now lifted this competition for the twelfth time in the last thirteen seasons.